ENDNOTES

1  Edward FitzGerald "The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam." M.H. Abrams, Gen. Ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature Vol. 2. 4th ed, New York: WW Norton & Company. 1224.

2 Robert Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History,  Random House, New York, 1984. 4-5.

3 George Lakoff, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things; What Categories Reveal About the Mind, Chicago:  University of Chicago Press. 1987. 26.

4 Anthony Aveni, Empires of Time:  Calendars, Clocks and Cultures,  New York: Basic Books, Inc, 1989. 168.

5 Aveni, 178.

6 Aveni, 183.

7 Aveni, 313

8 Aveni, 216.

9 Aveni, 296.

10 Otto Mayr,  Authority, Liberty and Automatic Machinery in Early Modern Europe,  Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology.  Ed. Thomas P. Hughes.  Baltimore:  Johns Hopkins UP, 1986. 32.

11 Mayr, 43.

12 Mayr, 43.

13 Mayr, 119-120.

14 Charles Lamb, "The Superannuated Man," Selected Prose. Ed. Adam Phillips. New York: Penguin
          Books, 1985. 191.

15 Fernand Braudel, The Perspective of the World. Civilization and Capitalism 15-18th Century.  Vol 3.  trans. Sian
Reynolds.  New York:  Harper & Row, 1984. 77.

16 Braudel, 36.

17 Braudel, 35.

18 Carlo M. Cipolla, Clocks and Culture 1300-1700,  New York: W.W. Norton & Company.  1978. 89.

19 Mayr, 199.

20 Lionel Casson, The Ancient Mariners:  Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient Times,  2nd ed. Princeton:   Princeton UP, 1991. 198-200.

21 Frank Perlin, "The other species world:  speciation of commodities and moneys, and the knowledge-base of commerce,
1500-1900"   Eds. Sushil Chaudhury and Michel Morineau. Merchants, Companies and Trade: Europe and Asia in the Early Modern Era.  Cambridge, England:  Cambridge UP,  1999. 159.

22 Cassson, 114-115.

23 David S. Landes,  Revolution in Time; Clocks and the Making of the Modern World,  New York:  Barnes and Noble, 1983. 49.

24 Cipolla, 89.

25 Cipolla, 104.

26 Landes, 121.

27 Aveni, 336.